ARCHI- MEDES AND THE NATURE OF HUMAN MIND.

The human mind can be compared to a deep whirlpool in which every soul finds its way, by selection, arrangement, and operation of the 4 elements (fire, water, earth, wind) within sets. It is compared to like deciphering a puzzle or game in which a big square (the mind) is being cut into pieces and shuffled.
The whirlpool tumbles all around of each individual so that he/she can neither stand on the bottom nor swim up to the top.
Archi-Medes used to demand just one firm and immovable point in order to shift the entire whirlpool. We can hope for great things if we manage to find just one thing that is certain and unshakeable.
Archimedes was born in 287 BC in the port of Syrac-Usa on the island of Sicily in the colony of Magna Greecia. His father was Ph-Idias, who was an astronomer about whom nothing is known. Except for the period of his life where he attended school in Alexandria at Euclid's, he spent all his life at Syrac-Usa. This is the only information obtained from Archi-Medes' work "The Sand Reckoner."
In those times, in the absence of paper or blackboards, Archi-Medes used 'dust, ashes' or any other available surface to draw his geometric figures.
His insight and his understanding of simple physical phenomena let him develops concepts of abstract mathematics and physics. He described the concept of 'infinity' and showed the process he used to derive geometrical properties from the ways in which objects were balanced.
He is also known for shouting 'eureka' that today we shout when we get any good idea, after running naked from his bath through the streets of the state-city declaring that he had discovered a method determining the volume of bodies from the amount of water displaced when objects were submerged. He used to get so engrossed in his work that sometimes he forgot to eat. It is alleged that he drew figures on his body after bathing and applying olive oil to erase them.
His practical applications of mathematics and physics let, the people of his time, to create war machines. Weapons designed by Archi-Medes for King Hiero II, were used in the defense of Syrac-Usa from Roman invaders.
The city-state eventually fell under the siege, during the 2nd Punic War, and Archimedes was captured by the Roman forces after two year siege. Archi-Medes was researching a mathematical diagram, when a Roman soldier ordered him to meet the Roman General Marcus (who was engaged in the siege of Syrac-Usa). But Archi-Medes was so deep into his research that declined the order saying that he had to finish  his diagram. Furious, the Roman soldier killed Archi-Medes at the age of 75.
General Marcus was angered by the death of Archi-Medes, because he didn't wish him any harm.
His tomb is famous for it depicts his famous diagram, a sphere in a cylinder of the exact height and diameter. He had earlier proved that the volume and surface area of the sphere would be 2/3 of that of the cylinder.
In 75 BC, 137 years after the death of Archi-Medes, it was Cicero who gave respect and attention to Archi-Medes' tomb, which had been long neglected. Cicero had heard about the tomb, but it took a long time to find it, as the local populace were unable to help. Ultimately he found it at the Agri-Gent-Ine Gate in Syrac-Usa, covered in bushes. He cleaned up the tomb and gave it its due respect.

BODY ORGANS AND THE ANCIENT CULTURES.

Egyptian beliefs promoted some organs as representing an embodiment of some anthropomorphic principle. For example, the anatomical 'SMA,' symbol of larynx, trachea and lungs, represented the 'conceptual 'Central Pivot' around which 2 gods could unify Upper and Lower Egypt.'
The Book of the Dead vignettes portray early science, that is, weigh of the organs that are taken out of the corpse, during the development of mummification. It was done in order to be ritually weigh in gold and the god-king's heart be used for predictions to the future. The heart was then wrapped with amulets and, at the auspicious time indicated by the appropriate star rising as the ritual required, was re-inserted into the mummy for the final wrap. As every part of the body had a governing deity, spiritual reasoning ordained that the heart, together with the kidneys, needed to be re-attached inside the mummified body; while the liver, lungs, stomach and intestines be stored in 'sacred jars. The heart and kidneys provided for the deceased spiritual nourishment in the new journey via circulation of spiritual blood, and an outlet for elimination of subsequent spiritual fluid waste.
Egyptians had two different words for the 'heart,' and deemed it essential that this organ be inside the mummified body. Most Egyptologists belief that the heart was left in place because it was connected with the seat of the intelligence and will power. Hellenistic thought (400-300 BC) supported by the Hippocrates and Aristotelian located the intelligence of man in the left cavity of the heart.
The identification of the kidneys in hieroglyphs has presented a puzzle to scholars of ancient Egyptian medicine, and it seems strange that even the determinative sign is elusive. Egyptians had no specific words for kidneys, but plenty words for the brain; whereas the Assyrian medical texts contain no words for the brain, but many words for the kidneys. The Assyrians recognized the heart as the site of intelligence, while strength was to be found in the kidneys.
The Babylonians performed hepatos-copy, and extended their entrails prophecy to divination from the kidneys.
In the Hebrew Bible, Leviticus 3:4, animal's kidneys were used for fellowship offering: "The Aaronite priests shall throw the blood against all 4 sides of the altar and present the following parts of the animal as a food offering to the Lord -all the fat on the internal organs, the kidneys and the fat on them, and the best part of the liver. The priests shall burn all this on the altar along with the burnt offerings. The odor of this food offering is pleasant to the Lord."
The kidneys were believed to act as advisors in the spiritual realm, and thus subsequently guided the actions of the person's entire body, in both, physical and spiritual realms.
There are 30 mentions of kidneys in the Scriptures, in five instances, they are mentioned as the organs examined by God to judge an individual, and are cited with the heart as mirrors of the psyche of the person examined.

GLUCOSE CORTEX STEROIDS.

Glucose Cortex Steroids are a class of Cortex Steroids, which are a class of Steroid Hormones. The function of this type of hormone is binding to the Glucose Cortex Receptor, that is present in almost every vertebrate animal cell.
Its name Glucose Cortex Steroid is composed from its role in the regulation of 'glucose' metabolism, synthesis in the Adrenal Cortex, and its steroidal structure.
Glucose Cortex Steroids are part of the feedback mechanism in the immune system which reduces certain aspects of immune function, such as reduction of inflammation. They are therefore used in medicine to treat diseases caused by an 'overactive immune system,' such as allergies, asthma, auto-immune diseases, and sepsis.
Glucose Cortex Steroids affect cells by binding to the Glucose Cortex Receptor. The receptor is an important representative of Neuro-Endocrine Integration, functioning as a major component of endocrine influence -specifically the stress response- upon the brain. The receptor is implicated in both short and long term adaptations in response to stresses.
Glucose Cortex Steroids are distinguished from Mineral Cortex Steroids and Sex Steroids by their specific Receptors, Target Cells, and effects.
Glucose Cortex Steroids have many diverse effects, including potentially harmful side effects.
Since they interfere with some of the abnormal mechanisms in cancer cells, Glucose Cortex Steroids are used in high doses to treat cancer. This treatment includes: inhibitory effects on lymphocyte proliferation as in  the treatment of lymphomas and leukemia; and the mitigation of side effects of anticancer drugs.
Cortisol or Hydrocortisone, a Steroid Hormone, in the Glucose Cortex Steroid class, is produced in humans by the middle zone of the adrenal cortex, sitting directly beneath the most superficial layer of the adrenal cortex. The adrenal cortex, situated along the perimeter of the adrenal gland, mediates the stress response through the production of other secrete distinct hormones.
The adrenal cortex comprises 3 main layers or zones:
- The outermost layer produce the main Mineral Cortex Steroid (aldosterone). It plays a central role in the regulation of the plasma sodium (Na), the extra cellular potassium (K), and arterial blood pressure.
- The middle layer produce Glucose Corticoids, mainly the Cortisol Hormone in humans, which regulates metabolism of the 'glucose,' specially in times of stress (fight-or flight response). Cells are organized into bundles.
Cortisol secretion is stimulated by the Adrenal Corticotropic Hormone, a Poly Peptide tropic hormone produced and secreted by the anterior Pituitary Gland. It is an important component of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis and is often produced in response to biological stress along with its precursor Corticotropin-releasing Hormone from the Hypothalamus. It affects the production and release of Cortisol by the cortex of the adrenal gland.
Cortisol is the most importasnt human Glucose Corticoid secreted at a basal level in humans under normal conditions.  It regulates or supports a variety of important cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic, and homeostatic functions. Its job include mobilization of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, and it does not increase under starvation conditions. Additionally, it enhances the activity of other hormones.
- The inner most cortical layer produces Androgens, mainly De-Hydro-Epi-Andro-Sterone, De-Hydro-Epi-Andro-Sterone sulfate, and Andro-Stene-Dione, precursor to Testo-Sterone in humans.
De-Hydro-Epi-Andro-Sterone is an endo-genous steroid hormone, and the most abundant circulating steroid hormone in humans that originate from within as well as in any organism, tissue, or cell.
In humans the hormone is secreted in the adrenal glands, the gonads, and the brain, where it functions predominantly as a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the Androgen and Estrogen sex steroids. It also has a variety of potential biological effects in its own right, binding to an array of nuclear and cell surface receptors, and acting as a Neuro-Steroid.
Viral elements travel time as endo-genous sequences derived from viruses ancestrally inserted into genomes of germ cells. These sequences persists in the germ-line as host alleles a short form of Allelo-Morph meaning 'other form.'
The presence of DHEA sulfate hormone is used to rule out ovarian or testicular cancer. The levels of this hormone decline as a person ages as the inner layer diminishes in size.
Andro-Stene-Dione hormone sometimes referred to as 'Andro' was banned as a prescription hormone by the International Olympic Committee in 1997.
Glucose Cortex Steroids have multiple effects on fetal development. An important example is their role in promoting maturation of the lung and production of the surfactant, compounds that lower the surface tension, necessary for extra uterine lung function. In addition, Glucose Cortex Steroids are necessary for normal brain development, by initiating terminal maturation, remodeling axons and dendrites, and affecting cell survival and in the hippo campus development.
Glucose Cortex Steroids act on the hippo-campus, amygdala, and frontal lobes. Along with adrenaline, enhance the formation of flush bulb memories of events associated with strong emotions, both positive and negative. A flush bulb memory is the existence of a special biological memory mechanism which is highly detailed, and exceptionally vivid, of the moment and circumstances that were triggered by an event that exceeded critical levels of surprise and consequentiality. This memory creates a permanent record of the details and circumstances surrounding the experience.
The effects that Glucose Cortex Steroids have on memory go specifically to the area of the hippo campus formation in which prolonged stress produces destruction of the neurons in this area and connected to memory performance. Long-term exposure to Glucose-Cortex Steroids medications, such as asthma and anti-inflammatory medication, creates deficits in memory and attention both during at, to a lesser extent, after treatment, a condition known as 'steroid dementia.'
Glucose Cortex Steroids act centrally, as well as peripherally, to assist in the normalization of extra cellular fluid volume by regulating the human body's action to Atrial Natri-Uretic peptide.
The Atrial Natri-Uretic is a 28-amino acid peptide with a 17-amino acid ring in the middle of the molecule, a powerful vaso-dilatador, and a protein (poly-peptide) hormone secreted by muscle cells in the upper chambers (atria) of the heart (atrial myocytes) in response to high blood volume. The peptide is closely related to Brain Natri-Uretic peptide and C-type Natri-Uretic peptide, which all share a similar amino acid ring structure.
It is involved in the homeostatic control of body reducing the water, sodium, potassium, and fat (adipose tissue) loads on the circulatory system, thereby reducing blood pressure.
The Atrial Natri-Uretic peptide has exactly the opposite function of the Aldo Sterone secreted by the most superficial layer of the Adrenal Cortex in regard to its effect on sodium in the kidney -that is, Aldo Sterone stimulates sodium retention and Atrial Natri-Uretic peptide generates sodium loss.
Synthetic Glucose Cortex Steroids have been created in a very great variety for therapeutic use, some far more potent than Cortisol. They differ in both pharmaco-kinetics (absorption factor, half-life, volume of distribution, clearance) and pharmaco-dynamics (for example the capacity of mineral- cortex-steroid activity: water and sodium retention; renal physiology).
Because they permeate the intestines easily, they are administered primarily by mouth, but also by other methods, such as topically on skin. More than 90% of them bind different plasma proteins, though with a 'different binding' specificity.
Endo-Genous Glucose Cortex Steroids and some synthetic cortex-steroids have high affinity to the protein Trans-Cortin (also called Cortex Steroid Binding Globulin), whereas all of them bind albumin.
In the liver, they quickly metabolize by conjugation with a Sulfate or Glucose-Uric acid, and are secreted in the urine.

UNDERSTANDING BIPOLAR DISORDER.

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is a mental illness that brings severe high and low moods and changes in sleep, energy, thinking and behavior. It has no single cause and certain people are genetically predisposed to the disorder, yet no everyone with an inherit vulnerability develops the illness, indicating that genes are not the only cause.
Some brain imaging studies show physical changes in the brain of people with bipolar disorder.
Other research points to neurotransmitter imbalances, abnormal thyroid function, circadian rhythm disturbances, and high levels of the stress hormone cortisol.
External environmental and psychological factors are also believed to be involved in the development of bipolar disorder. These external factors are called 'triggers.' Trigers can set off new episodes of mania or depression or make existing symptoms worse. However, many bipolar disorders can occur without a trigger.
Celebrities that were diagnosed with Bipolar disorder are the following:
-Mariah Carey was diagnosed with bipolar disorder in 2001 and lived inn denial and isolation for years. She finally sought treatment after a series of professional issues. She said: "I put positive people around me and I got back to do what I love to do -writing songs and making music."
-Carrie Fisher, known for her role as Princess Leah in the Star Wars movie franchise, got diagnosed with the disorder at the age of 24. She wrote her 1987 novel "Postcards from the Edge "in rehab after a near-fatal drug overdose. She called for more attention and research on the condition. She died of a heart attack in 2016.
-Mel Gibson said in a 2008 documentary that he had bipolar disorder. He bursts onto the scene as an action hero, then branched out into producing and directing two Academy Award nominations. His personal life made headlines when he berated a police officer during a drunken driving arrest in 2006 and pleaded no contest to domestic abuse charges in 2012.
-Demi Lovato, singer and actress in the Disney Channel movie "Camp Rock," admitted herself into a clinic for addiction and self-harm in 2010. It was there she learned she had a bipolar disorder.
-Russell Brand went from stand-up comedy to MTV roles in "Forgetting Sarah Marshall" and "Despicable Me." Diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder as a youth, Brand lost jobs with both MTV and the BBC for controversial remarks. His marriage to Katy Perry lasted less than 2 years. Bran published his first autobiography in 2007 and detailed his struggles with drug abuse in "Recovery: Freedom From Our Addictions" in 2017.
-Brian Wilson, the leader of the California surfing sound, he wrote and produced 9 albums and 16 hit singles in a 3-year span with the Beach Boys. A panic attack on an airplane in 1964 led him to stop touring. A year later, Wilson began experimenting with LSD. His bipolar disorder, discovered years later, left him physically and emotionally unable to compose or tour for decades.
-Kurt Cobain, the co-founder of Nirvana, had attention deficit disorder as a child, then bipolar disorder later. He didn't pursue treatment. Despite success as the leader of Seattle's rock movement, Cobain struggled with depression and committed suicide at age 27 in 1994.
-Jimi Hendrix, the rock guitar legend, got expelled from high school, once stole a car, and lasted just a year in the Army after his commanding officers suggested an early discharge. He later wrote a song called "Manic Depression," which described his trouble with mood swings. Despite his mental health issues, Hendrix's performances at Monterrey and Woodstock still get talked about today. He died at age 27 in 1970.
-Ernest Hemingway, a Novel Prize-winning author was prone to manic-depressive behavior throughout his life, a family trait shared by his parents, his son, and his granddaughter Margaux. Despite his larger-than-life personality and novels like"A Farewell to Arms"and"For Whom the Bells Tolls," Hemingway had bouts of depression and paranoia. Obsessed with death, he eventually shot himself in the head in 1961.
-Ted Turner, the founder of Turner Broadcasting and CNN, has spent much of his life battling bipolar disorder and depression. Despite that, Turner took a small independent television station in Atlanta and turned into a global media conglomerate. At one point, he owned the Atlanta Braves and Hawks, and won the America's Cup.
-Catherine Zeta-Jones, a Welsh-born star, won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in "Chicago" and a Tony Award on her onstage work. She has also been nominated for several Golden Globes. Married to Michael Douglas since 2000, stress during his battle with tongue cancer led to depression and a diagnosis of bipolar disorder.
-Vivien Leigh, born in England, Leigh's greatest fame came from her iconic portrayal of Scarlet O'Hara in "Gone with the Wind." The wife of acclaimed actor Laurence Olivier, Leigh had a reputation for being difficult on the set. For much of her adult life, she had severe depression and mania. Her treatment was electroshock and therapy.
-Frank Sinatra, from his start as a teen idol to his successful movie and stage career, Sinatra's popularity never waned. He sold more than 150 million records, was Las Vegas headliner and won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in "From Here to Eternity." Behind the scenes, Sinatra's volatile temper was legendary, as was his charity.
-Sinead O'Connor, the Irish-born singer and songwriter burst onto the music scene in 1990 with the hit single "Nothing Compares 2 U." A performance of Saturday Night Live in 1992 during which she tore up a picture of the pope resulted in widespread criticism. She disclosed that she had bipolar disorder in 2007. Ten years later, she shared a video detailing her struggles with mental illness.
-Jean-Claude Van Damme, a Belgian-born martial arts action film star, started studying karate at 10 and earned his black belt 8 years later. His breakthrough film was 1988's "Bloodsport." Ten years after that, he found out he had bipolar disorder. In 2011, van Damme said he took medication for mood swings that he says he had since childhood.
-Winston Churchill as first lord of the admiralty at the start of World War I and British prime minister in World War II, Churchill rallied people with stirring speeches and radio broadcasts to encourage resistance against Germany. However, he battled his own war against depression, suicidal thoughts and lack of sleep. He called it his "black dog." Despite his condition, he authored 43 books and earned a Nobel Prize in Literature. He died in 1965 at 90.
These people had stressful life events that set off the disorder and maybe some of them had a genetic vulnerability. These events tend to involve drastic or sudden changes -either good or bad.
While substance abuse doesn't cause bipolar disorder, it can bring on an episode and worsen the course of the disease. Drugs such as cocaine, ecstasy, and amphetamines can trigger mania, while alcohol and tranquilizers trigger depression. Also certain medications, most notably antidepressant drugs, trigger mania. Other drugs that can cause mania include over-the-counter cold medicine, appetite suppressants, caffeine, cortico-steroids, and thyroid medication.
Episodes of mania and depression often follow a seasonal pattern. Manic episodes are more common during the summer, and depressive episodes more common during the fall, winter, and spring. Loss of sleep, even skipping a few hours of rest, can trigger an episode of mania.
Dealing with the ups and downs of bipolar disorder is difficult, and not just for the person with the illness. The moods and behaviors of the affected individual affect everyone around, especially family members and close friends. During a manic episode, you have to cope with reckless antics, outrageous demands, explosive outbursts, and irresponsible decisions. Once the whirlwind of mania has passed, it often falls on you to deal with the consequences.
The good news is that most with bipolar disorder can stabilize their moods with proper treatment, medication, and support. Often just having someone to talk can make all the difference to the person's outlook and motivation.
People with bipolar disorder are often reluctant to seek help because they don't want to feel like a burden to others. Getting better takes time. Do not expect a quick recovery or a permanent cure.
Managing bipolar disorder is a lifelong process. Accepting it involves acknowledging that things may never again be normal. Treatment make a difference but it may not take care of all symptoms or impairments. To avoid disappointments and resentments, it is important to have realistic expectations. Expecting to much of your loved one affected by the disorder is a recipe for failure. On the other hand, expecting too little can also hinder recovery, so try to find a balance between encouraging independence and providing support.
It is important to know that people with bipolar disorder can't control their moods. They can't just snap out of a depression or get a hold of themselves during a manic episode. Neither depression nor mania can be overcome through self-control, willpower, or reasoning. Telling a person to 'stop acting crazy' or 'look at the bright side' won't help. You can't rescue, nor can you force someone to take responsibility for getting better. You can offer support, but ultimately, recovery is in the hands of the person with the illness.
Tips for family and friends to cope during a mania or depressive episode:
- Do not take it personally. When in the midst of an episode, people often say or do things that are hurtful or embarrassing, may be reckless, cruel, critical, and aggressive. When depressed, they may be rejecting, irritable, hostile, and moody. It is hard not to take such behaviors personally, but try to remember that they are symptoms of a mental illness, not the result of selfishness or immaturity.
- Be prepared for destructive behaviors. When manic or depressed, people behave in destructive or irresponsible ways. Planning ahead for how to handle such behavior can help. When your loved one is well, negotiate a treatment contract that gives you advance approval for protecting him/her when symptoms flare up. Agree on specific steps you will take in order to avoid harmful consequences.
People who are manic often feel isolated from other people. Spending even short periods of time with them helps. Do not argue or debate with the person during a manic episode. Avoid intense conversation or arguments. The person often says and does things that he/she would not usually say or do, focusing on negative aspects of others.
To cope with this challenging behavior of your loved one, you have to take care of yourself and exercise self-control as much as you can. Do not give up activities that bring you joy. Talk always to someone you trust about what you are going through. Be realistic about the amount of care you are able to provide without feeling overwhelmed and resentful. Set limits on what you are willing and able to do because letting the disorder take over your life isn't healthy for you or your loved one.